Not a lot is known, at least to me, about the actual manner
in which Vanessa Stiviano recorded her private conversation (the now infamous
conversation) with her ‘mentor,’ Donald Sterling. Was the recording legal?
I’ve read that others, besides Stiviano and Sterling, were
in the room when the recording was made.
I’ve read that Stiviano customarily recorded Sterling statements
with his knowledge.
I’ve read that the recorded conversation was a very private
conversation between Stiviano and Sterling and that Sterling did not know he was
being recorded.
The facts regarding how the recording was made are relevant. And, there could be repercussions, both civil
and criminal, for Stiviano. However, the
facts regarding how the recording was made may have no bearing on the punitive
actions directed at Sterling by the NBA, once the recording became public.
The recording of conversations, as well as the videotaping
of individuals, without their awareness, is a confusing area of law. I will attempt to summarize.
Just as an aside, this is an investigative technique (recording conversations or making a videotape) that is
a continual preoccupation with private investigators, as well as a
controversial topic of discussion. There
is, of course, both Federal and State laws that describe what is illegal or
legal, presented in a somewhat complex and often not very helpful manner. In addition, to the laws, with all their
intricate nuances, there is a legal principal that applies to recordings and
videotaping referred to as: ‘an
expectation of privacy.’ When an
investigator violates this ‘expectation’ without an appropriate court order, he
or she is treading on thin ice.
Initially, Federal Law seems rather straightforward. Regarding a recorded, two-person
conversation, either in person or on the telephone; it is generally legal if
one of the individuals knows a recording is being made. However…
If you are really interested, or think it might apply to something you
plan to do, you must plow through Title
18, U.S. Code 2511, Interception and Disclosure of Wire, Oral, or Electronic
Communications Prohibited. It is
lengthy, but here is the section that might apply to what Stiviano did:
“It shall not be
unlawful under this chapter for a person not acting under color of law to
intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication where such person is a
party to the communication or where one of the parties to the communication has
given prior consent to such interception unless such communication is intercepted
for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the
Constitution or laws of the United States or of any State.”
Additionally, there are other elements of said statute that
apply to the publication or dissemination of the recorded conversation, which it
appears that Stiviano might have violated; as well as the media outlet that took the recording and broadcast it.
California (where it is believed that the
recording took place) is a ‘two-party’ state.
In other words, to record a private conversation, California state law
dictates that both parties to the conversation must be aware that a recording
is being made – which puts you in a position, consequently, of also being in violation of
Federal Law.
As I said initially, it’s complicated. However, as I also said, this complexity may
not matter to the NBA. The recording was
made available to the public. The NBA
had no involvement in the making of the recording or in its subsequent release
to the public. Therefore, they probably
are clear to take any action they deem appropriate.
Now, Ms. Stiviano is a horse of another color.
True Nelson